The Natural Selection Paradox CONFIRMED (again!)! Every example of natural selection working CONFIRMS The Natural Selection Paradox. Below we show how BioNinja does so. Enjoy!

Here is the discription of natural selection provided by BioNinja:

The process of natural selection occurs in response to a number of conditions:

• Inherited Variation – There is genetic variation within a population which can be inherited
• Competition – There is a struggle for survival (species tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support)
• Selection – Environmental pressures lead to differential reproduction within a population
• Adaptations – Individuals with beneficial traits will be more likely to survive and pass these traits on to their offspring
• Evolution – Over time, there is a change in allele frequency within the population gene pool

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-5-evolution-and-biodi/52-natural-selection/natural-selection.html

Refer to the diagram below supplied by BioNinja with the above description. Consider our remarks below which are keyed to the 4 figures in the diagram. In our explanation we show that BioNinja’s description and diagram actually show that Natural Selection played no role in causing or explaining any evolutionary change in an organism (or its population). Enjoy!

1. VARIATION — note that natural selection plays no role in this step. Variation is provided in nature solely by random genetic variation in the genome of offspring. The fact that offspring exist in a “population” does not change this fact. In the BioNinja diagram, the “yellow” butterflies and the “brown” butterflies appear in nature solely due to their respective alleles (gene modifications produced by random genetic variation). Both appear in the population of butterflies, and neither variation is due to natural selection, which has yet to operate on either.

2. COMPETITION — note that natural selection plays no role in this step. As seen in this example, one or the other of the “yellow” or “brown” butterflies may survive and reproduce more offspring, but no evolutionary (genomic) change occurs as a result. Whatever natural selection does on these existing varieties of butterflies, it plays no role in any change to them. “Competition” plays no role in changing any genomic aspect of individuals making up a population.

3. ADAPTATIONS — note that natural selection plays no role in this step. Natural selection plays no role in making, changing, or affecting adaptations. Adaptations are a result of the offspring’s genomic inheritance. It is the offspring’s inheritance of its genome that gives it traits adapted for survival. If adapted and fit offspring “pass on their genes” it is not BECAUSE of natural selection, it is DESPITE natural selection. Natural selection plays absolutely no role in causing or explaining evolutionary change in any surviving offspring in any population. In this example, the existing alleles in the brown butterflies increase as a percentage of the population, but they were not created, changed, or otherwise modified genomically by natural selection.

4. SELECTION — note that natural selection plays no role in this step. Despite in this example this step being called “selection,” note that no evolutionary change happened to the survivors left in the population “over many generations.” The survivors were born, lived, reproduced, and died without their genome being changed. The “change in ‘alleles’” had already happened to create the situation at Step 1: Variation. All the change in alleles happened before natural selection had a chance to operate, and natural selection did not operate to make any changes to the survivors at all. The “changed alleles” present in Step 1 simply passed through the “filter” of natural selection unchanged. The fact that these organisms were produced solely by random genetic variation and remain unchanged at a greater frequency in a population does not change the fact that natural selection played no role in explaining or causing any change in the organisms in the population.

Once again, The Natural Selection Paradox is confirmed. (How could it not be–it is true!)

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